The European Union on Tuesday launched an antitrust investigation into Google over its use of online content for AI, the latest move in the bloc’s ongoing efforts to regulate United States tech giants.

The European Commission said it is examining whether Google violated EU competition rules by leveraging content from web publishers and videos uploaded to YouTube for AI development.

The Commission said the investigation will assess whether Google is distorting competition by imposing unfair terms on publishers and content creators, or by giving itself privileged access to their content, thereby disadvantaging developers of competing AI models.

“AI is bringing remarkable innovation and many benefits for people and businesses across Europe, but this progress cannot come at the expense of the principles at the heart of our societies,” said the bloc’s commissioner for competition Teresa Ribera.

“This is why we are investigating whether Google may have imposed unfair terms and conditions on publishers and content creators, while placing rival AI models developers at a disadvantage, in breach of EU competition rules.”

The Commission said it will examine the extent to which Google’s AI Overviews and AI Mode rely on web publishers’ content without proper compensation, and whether publishers can refuse use of their content without losing access to Google Search.

The investigation comes amid a wave of recent EU actions targeting U.S. tech giants.

On Friday, the Commission fined Elon Musk’s social media platform X €120 million ($140 million) for failing to meet transparency requirements for its advertising repository and for the “misleading design” of its blue checkmark.

In response, Musk called for the European Union to be abolished, drawing criticism from key Republican officials as well.

Google has not issued any official response to the European Commission’s investigation.